cyfkakhjy;:

               vkJ tho;f;if KiwikahdJ jdpj; jdp kdpjndd;wpy;yhky; FLk;gkhf my;yJ $l;Lf;FLk;gq;fshf, r%fq;fshfNt mike;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. xU fl;Lf;Nfhg;NghLk; tpl;Lf;nfhLg;GfNshLk;; ngUk;ghYk; Ghpe;Jzh;TfNshLk; mike;jNj vk;tho;f;if vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhs;tjpy; vkf;Fg;ngUikjhd;. Mdhy; Nkiyj;Nja kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiwik Nenujpuha; mike;jpUg;gjidAk; ehkpd;W fhz;fpNwhk;. xUtUf;F xUth; cjTtjpYk; tpUe;Njhk;GjypYk; vkf;F epfh; ehNkjhd; vd;W ijhpaj;NjhL; njhptpg;gjpy; kfpo;r;rpjhd;. mjw;fhf Nkiyj;Njaj;jpdh; cjTk; gof;fq;fs; ,y;yhjth;fs; vd;W nghUs;nfhs;sf; $lhJ. vkJ fhyhr;rhuk;, gz;ghLfSld; Cwpg;NghdNj me;jg; gof;f tof;fq;fs;. Mdhy;, Nkiyj; Njaj;jpdhpd; gof;ftof;fq;fs; mg;gbay;yNt. xUtNuhnlhUth; rhh;e;J thOk; gof;fnkd;gJ mth;fsplj;Nj fpilahJ. my;yJ mhpjhdJ vdyhk;. mjdhy;jhd; vkJ tho;f;if Kiwf;Fk; mth;fsJ Kiwf;Fk; mjpf NtWghL fhzg;gLfpwJ vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. Nkiyj;Njaf; fyhr;rhuj;jpy; ehkpd;W tho;e;jhYk; xUthpy; xUth; jq;fpthOk; Kiwikiaf; iftplhky; ,q;Fk; thog;gofptpl;Nlhk;.

    Nkw;nrhd;d fUj;Jf;fSf;nfhg;gNt cyfkakhjy; rhuhk;rj;jpd; mbg;gilahdJ, xUtifapy; ekJ tho;tpaypd; njhlh;Gld;  mike;jpUf;fpwnjdj; njhptpf;fyhk;. mjhtJ cyfehLfspy; nghUshjhu, r%f, tpQ;Qhd, jfty;, njhiyj;njhlh;G Nghd;wtw;wpy; xd;Nwhnlhd;W jq;fp ghpkhw;wk; nra;J nfhs;Sjiy cyfkakhjy; vdyhk;. cyfkakhf;fiy Globalization vd;w Mq;fpyg;gjj;jpd; Neubj;jkpohf;fk; vd;W njhptpf;fg;gl;lhYk; mjidg; gutyhf;fk; vd;Wk; mh;j;jk; nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,lKz;L. cyfkakhjy; vd;wgjj;jpidg; nghUshjhuk; njhlh;gpy; gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpaJ 1981k; Mz;bNaNa MFk;.  cyfk; jOtpa r%ftpay; Ma;TfspYk; ,J xU gue;j, midj;Jk; jOtpa Njhw;wg;ghlhfNt czug;gl;lJ. vJvg;gbNah cyfkakhjypd; rhuhk;rj;ij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tNj ,q;F rpwg;G.     

                                KfTiuapy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy; cyfehLfSk; FLk;gq;fshf xd;Wf;nfhd;W jkJ toq;fisAk;, njhopy;El;g, nghUshjhu trjpfisAk; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mdhy;, mitnay;yhk; xUtifapy; Fwpfpakl;lj;jpNy my;yJ xU $l;likg;Gf;Fs;sNs mlq;Ftjhfj; njd;gLfpwJ my;yJ njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ, cyfehLfs; gy rpWrpW FOf;fshf my;yJ mikg;Gf;fshf ,aq;Ffpd;wnjd;W $Wtjw;F cjhuzq;fs; gytw;iw fhzyhk;. [p-8 ehLfs;, mzpNruh ehLfs;,  xNgf;(vz;nza; ts) ehLfs;, Mrpahd; ehLfs; Nel;Nlh (tl mj;jpyhe;jpf; xg;ge;j)ehLfs;, nghJeytha ehLfs;, ];fd;bNetpa ehLfs;, INuhg;gpa $l;likg;G ehLfs; vd;W mLf;fpf;nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;. ,it nghJthf jj;jkJ ,iwahz;ikiaAk; Nfe;jpug;ghJfhg;igAk; ,d;Dk; rpw;rpy mbg;gilf; fhuzq;fisAk; itj;Jf;nfhz;Nl $l;lhf my;yJ xU mikg;ghf ,aq;Ffpd;wd. ,itfspy; gyehLfs; Kjyhk; ,uz;lhk; cyfehLfspd; tl;lj;Jf;Fs;Ns mike;J tpl;lgbahy; %d;whk; kz;lyehLfs; tpLgl;Lk; my;yJ xUrpyNt mlq;fyha; ,Ug;gJTk; fz;$L. %d;whk; cyfehLfs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLgit gytiff; fhuzq;fspdhy; njhlh;e;Jk; gpd;diltpNyNa ,Ue;Jnfhz;bUg;gijid ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

                               ,q;Nf Kjyhk; cyfehLfs;, %d;whk; cyfehLfs; vd;why; vd;d vd;gij rw;Nw Ghpe;Jnfhz;lhy; ,f;fl;Liuia NkYk; thrpf;f trjpahftpUf;Fk; vd;W vz;zj; Njhd;wfpwJ. cyfj;jpy; nghUshjhu - njhopy;; - El;g - mwptpay; kw;Wk; r%fkl;lj;jpy; tsh;r;rpaile;j ehLfs; Kjyhk; cyfehLfs; vd;w gl;baypYk;; Nkw;fz;l tplaq;fspy; Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;LtUk; ehLfis  ,uz;lhk; cyfehLfnsd;Wk;; Nkw;Rl;lg;gl;l Jiwfspy; tsh;r;rpg; gbfspd; Muk;gf; fl;lq;fspYs;s twpa ehLfis %d;whk; cyfehLfs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ toik. me;j mbg;gilapy; ,e;j %d;whk; cyfehLfSilNa fhzg;gLfpd;w rhpTfis Nkk;gLj;j Kjyhk; cyfehLfs; jhkhf Kd;te;J cjTjy; my;yJ ifJhf;FjNy cyfkakhjy; vd;w gjj;jpd; rhuhk;rk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLtjpy; jtwpy;iy.

                 %d;whk; cyfehLfspy; cs;ehl;Lj; Njh;jy;fspdhy; khwpkhwp tUfpd;w muRfs; kf;fs; ngUf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbahkYk; nghUshjhuj;ij epiyepWj;j KbahkYKs;sij mwpNthk;. ,e;j tsh;Kf ehLfspy; tpQ;Qhd tsh;r;rp Fd;wpf; fhzg;gLtjhYk; ,aw;if mopTfs; fhuzkhfTk; ngUkstpy; nghUshjhu rhpNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jg; nghUshjhu tPo;r;rpapid Jhf;fpepWj;j KbahkYKs;s epiyikNa ,d;Dk; njhlh;e;Jk; ePbf;fpwJ. ,e;j tsh;Kf ehLfshdJ cyf tq;fpaplk; ePz;l fhyf;fld; my;yJ tl;bapy;yhf;fld; vd;W thq;Ffpd;wikiaf; fhzyhk;. jkJ Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd; jpl;lq;fis epiwNtw;WtjhfNth nrytpdq;fis rhpnra;tjhfNth fld;fis fzprkhd msT ngw;W mtw;iw epiwNtw;wpNah epiwNtw;whkNyh jkJ Ml;rpf;fhyj;ij Kbj;jf;nfhs;Sk; epiy ,d;Wk; gy ehLfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mLj;JtUk; GjpamuNrh, muRfNsh ghhpafld; gOTld; NtW ehLfis cjtpf;Ff; ifNae;Jk; epiy ePbg;gJ toikahfptpl;lJ vd;Nw nrhy;yNtz;Lk;.

                ,t;thW fld;RikAld; nghUshjhu tPo;r;rpapy; rpf;Fz;l VioehLfSf;F cjTtnjhd;W jhkhfr; rpyehLfs; tpUk;gp ,d;W mjid eilKiwg;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd. nghUshjhuj;jpy; kl;Lkd;wp njhiyj;njlh;G, Nghf;F tuj;J, njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; r%fkhw;wq;fspy; cjtpAk; xj;jiog;Gk; toq;fptUtjid mz;ikf;fhy nra;jpfshf ehkwpfpd;Nwhk;. tsh;e;J tUk; ehLfSf;F mjpf tho;f;ifj; juj;ijAk; nfhz;tUfpd;wJ vd;gJld; Kjyhk; cyfehLfspdJk; %d;whk; cyfehLfspdJk; epjptsj;ijg; ngUf;f CjTfpwnjd;gJk; xUtifahd Nehf;fhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J cyfkakhjiy nghUspay; kw;Wk; r%f mbg;gilapy; xU tpUk;gj;jf;f tpilakhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Kf;fpa nra;jpfshf ntsptUk; fpNuf;f ehl;bd; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidahJ gy INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;F ngUk; jiytyp vdyhk;. mjhtJ fpNuf;fk; vd;w fpwP]; ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ mjsghjhsj;jpypUg;gjhf me;ehl;Lj;jiyth; INuhg;gpa ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ftiy njhptpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ehl;ilf;nfhz;L elhj;Jtjw;Fg; Nghjpa tUthapy;iy vd;Wk; njhopyhsh;fspd; Cjpak; kw;Wk; ,isg;ghw;Wf; nfhLg;gdTfis toq;FtJ ehd;ife;J tUlq;ffSf;F Nkyhf epYitapypUg;gijidAk; cyftq;fpf;fld; kw;Wk; mjNdhL njhlh;ghd tl;bfs; gw;wpa Gs;sptpguf; fzf;FfisAk; njhptpj;jhh;. mjhtJ vjph;tUk; 2 - 3 Mz;LfSf;F ehl;il nfhz;L topelhj;j 300 gpy;ypad; xANuh Njitg;gLk; vd;w fzf;ifAk; Kd;itj;jhh;. ,jd; gydha; INuhg;gpa $l;likg;gpy; mq;fk; tfpf;fpd;w ehLfs; 16k; Nrh;e;J xUKbntLj;J Rkhh; 35 gpy;ypad; xANuhit Kjw;fl;l cjtpahf toq;Ftnjd cWjpaspJs;sJld; mtw;iw toq;fpAKs;sd. ,jpy; N[h;kdp kl;Lk; jdpahf 7 gpy;ypad; xANuhit fle;j 2010 khh;r; khjk; toq;fp cjtpAs;sJ vd;gjij Kf;fpakhff; Fwpg;gpLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,JTk; cyfkakhjypd; xU gbjhd; vd;why; kpifapy;iy.  

                                      ,NjNghd;W, INuhg;gpa ehLfs; xd;whf 1992y; vLj;j Kbtpd; gydhf 1998y; xapNuh ehzaj;ij Gof;fj;jpy; tpLtnjd;Wk; 2002k; Mz;L rl;lG+h;tkha; vy;yh (12) INuhg;gpa $l;likg;G ehLfspYk; mjid eilKiwg; gLj;jpaikiaAk; vtUk; kwe;jpUf;f KbahJ. Fwpg;ghf, Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ehLfspy; jdpj;jdpahftpUe;j (me;ehLfSf;Fhpa)ehzaq;fs;Nghy; mt;tt; ehLfSf;Fhpa flTr;rPl;LfisAk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; vd gjpTnra;J tpepNahfpj;jikAk; ,jdbg;gilapy; nra;ag;gl;l KbthFk;. mLj;J,  ,e;j INuhg;gpa xd;wpa ehLfspdJ vy;iyg;ghijfspd; fl;Lg;ghLfs;  kw;Wk; ghpNrhjidfspy; ePf;fk; my;yJ jsh;r;rp nra;ag;gl;ljidAk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. mjhtJ, 1998f;F Kd;ghd fhyg;gFjpfspy; INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;Fs; tprh (VISA) eilKiw ,Ue;jjid vtUk; kwe;jpUf;f KbahJ. ,d;W INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;Fs; xd;wpa ehl;Lg;gpui[fs; tprh ,y;yhky; gpuNtrpg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gs;sjid midtUk; mwpNthk;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; ahTk; gutyhf;fk; my;yJ cyfkakhjypd; xt;nthU rpW rpW mk;rq;fs; vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhs;tjpy; jtNwJk; ,y;iy vdyhk;.

       ,Ue;jhYk; cyfkakhjy; NtWjug;gpduhy; tpUk;gj;jfhjjhfTk; fUjg;gLfpd;wnjd;why; mjidAk; rw;W mtjhdpf;fNtz;bAs;sJ. cyfkakhjy; tsh;e;JtUfpd;w rKjhaq;fspd; kdpj chpikfis eRf;Ffpwnjd;w Fw;wr;rhl;LfSk; vOe;Js;sd. %d;whk; cyfehLfSf;F tsj;ijf; nfhz;LtUtjhff; $wpf;nfhz;L Kjyhk; cyfehLfs; nfhs;is ,yhgk; <l;LtjhAk; njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J jtpu gz;ghlLf; fyg;Gf;F toptFg;gJk; nraw;ifj; Njitfis Vw;Wkjp nra;tJk;, gy rpwpa rKjhaq;fSf;F R+oy; kw;Wk; gz;ghl;Lr; rpijTfis Vw;gLj;JtJk; ,jd; vjph;kiw tpisTfshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,NjNtis Kjyhspj;jt Ruz;ly;fSf;Fk; mbikj;jdj;Jf;Fk; topNfhYk; vd;W gyUk; thjpLtij ehk; nrtpkLf;fTk; Ntz;bAs;sJ. mz;ikapy; fpwP];yhe;Jf;F INuhg;gpa xd;wpa ehLfs; nra;j cjtpfSs; N[h;kdp nra;j nghpa njhif cjtpgw;wpa tpkh;rdq;fSk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSk; vk; fhjpy; vjpnuhypf;fpd;wd. mNjNghy; kw;iwa ehLfSk; cs;ehl;L thpg;gzj;ij jhiuthh;g;gij vjph;j;J fUj;Jj; njhptpj;Js;sikAk; epahakhfNt njd;gLfpwJ.

                    ,J jtpu   cyfkakhjy;  Kuz;ghlhd gy tpisTfis ce;jf; $bajhfTs;sJ. xU Gwj;jpy; kuGtop rhjpa- r%ff;fl;likg;Gfshy; gpizf;fg;gl;l, xLf;fg;gl;l, Ruz;lg;gl;l r%fq;fis my;yJ -FLk;gq;fis- jdpkdpjh;fis tpLtpf;ff;$bajhd njhopy;, njhlh;G, fy;tp, Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis cyfkakhjy; Kd;itf;fpwJ. vdNt,  vJ vg;gbNah cyfkakhjy; gykhd nkhop, gz;ghl;L, milahsq;fis Kd;dpWj;jp rpWghd;ik ,d -nkhop- gz;ghL mopTf;F my;yJ rpijTf;Ff; fhuzkhfyhk; vd;W gyh; thjpLfpd;wdh;. ,f;$w;wpy; cz;ikAz;L. vdpDk; xU r%fj;jpd; mbg;gilf;$Wfis ,of;fhky; cyfkakhjyhdJ ce;Jk; my;yJ jUtpf;Fk; mk;rq;fis xU rKjhak; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. mjhtJ cyfkakhjyhdJ - ,Uf;Fk; xd;wpd; moptpy; Njhd;whJ ,Uf;fpd;w xd;Nwh my;yJ Nkyjpfkhd mk;rq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; ce;Jjyhf mike;jhy; kpfTk; rpwg;ngd;Nw Vw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.