Gyk;ngah; <oj;jkpo;g; ngz;fspd; fy;tptsh;r;rp.

                       vz;Zk; vOj;Jk; fz;nzzj;jFk; vd;w thf;fpaj;jpd; Mo;e;j fUj;ijg; ghh;g;Nghkhdhy;  fy;tp vd;gJ vk; tho;f;ifapy; vt;tsT Kf;fpakhdnjd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. cyfpd; rdj;njhifiag; nghWj;jstpy; ngz;fs; Mz;fistpl tpfpjhrhuj;jpy; mjpfsthff; fhzg;gl;lhYk;  fy;tpapd; mbg;gilapy; Mz;fspd; njhifAld; xg;gPl;lstpy; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ngz;fs; rw;Wf;Fiwthd njhifapduhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,e;j Vw;wj;jho;Tf;F r%f nghUshjhu kjr;rhh;ghd fhuzq;fs; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jNghJk; 20k; Ehw;whz;Lf;F Kd; my;yJ gpd; vd;w mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Ffpd;w Ntisapy;  me;jepiyapy; cz;lhd khw;wj;jpy; ntFthd Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;bUf;fpd;wnjd;Nw vz;zj;Njhd;WfpwJ.

                            r%f tpQ;Qhd fyhr;rhu tsh;r;rpapd; mbg;gilapy; gyJiwfspYk; khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jNghJ ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapYk; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;lJ MNuhf;fpakhdnjd;Nw $wNtz;bAs;sJ. cyfpd; gyfhyq;fspYk; ,k;khw;wj;jpd; vjpnuhyp gutpg; glh;fpd;wNtis njd;fpof;fhrpahtpYk; ,j;jhf;fkhdJ  jtph;f;f KbahjjhfpaJ kfpo;tpidj; jUfpd;w kpf Kf;fpa tplankdyhk;. njd;fpof;fhrpahrpahtpDila xU ghfkhd ,yq;ifj;jPT ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fh vd;d..?

                               ,yq;ifapy; INuhg;gpah; tUiff;Fg;gpd; cs;ehl;L murpay; nghUshjhu fyhr;rhu khw;wq;fisg;Nghy; ngz;fspd; fy;tptsh;rpapYk; khw;wq;fisAk; ghjpg;Gf;fisAk;  Njhw;Wtpj;jnjd;W $Wtjpy; kpifapy;iy. ,Ue;jNghJk; ,yq;ifapy; gphpj;jhdpahpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fspd; fy;tpapy; nkJthf ,Wf;fj;ijj; jsh;j;jpa  <oj;jkpo; r%fj;jpy; Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg;gpd; rw;Wtpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gl;bUf;fpd;wnjdr; nrhy;tjw;F mf;fhyf; fzf;nfLg;GfSk; Ma;TfSk; rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd.

                              ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jstpy; nghJthfNt ngz;fisg; gbg;gpg;gnjd;gJ  1800fspy; ,y;yhkNy ,Ue;njdyhk;. tho;ifKiwiaf; fy;tpAk; gz;ghLk; fzprkhd msT jPh;khdpf;Fk; fhuzpfshf ,Ue;jjhy; <oj;jkpo; ngz;fs; ,jdhy; jj;jspj;j fhyKk; ,Ue;jjhf mwpaKbfpwJ. Mq;fhq;Nf Njhd;wpa ngz;Gyth;fSk; njk;khq;Fghbath;fSk; tha;nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fisj; je;jhh;fNs jtpu mit Vl;lstpy; ,y;yhkw;Nghdjhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,tw;iwg;gw;wp Ma;Tfis epfo;j;jpth;fspd; jfty;fisg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ  ngz;fisg; gw;wpa gy Mjhuq;fs; ep&gzkhfpd;wd.

                  KuGfSf;Fs; fl;Lz;L ,Wf;fq;fSf;fs; rpf;Fz;L fhykhw;wq;fspdhy; tpLgl;Lg; ngz;fs; ntsptUtjw;F tpopg;Gzh;Nt fhuznkdyhk;. gpd;dhspy; ts;Std; ghujpapd; vOr;rpf;Fg;gpd;Gk; ,d;Dk; rpy r%f ,yf;fpa fh;j;jhf;fspd; tUiff;Fg; gpwFk; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; ngz;fspd; fy;tpapy; Njhd;wpa jhf;fq;fs; ,yq;ifapYk; MNuhf;fpakhd khw;wq;fisAk;  tpopg;Gzh;itAk; Vw;gLj;jpanjdyhk;. ,jd;gpd;dh; jkpo;r;r%fkhdJ  rpe;jpf;fj; njhlq;fp  ngz;fspd; fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ij czh;e;jJ.    fy;tpapy; ngz;fs; ,uz;lhk; jug; gpuirfshfj;jhd; me;ehspy; ghh;f;fg;gl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ Ntjidf;fhpa tplankd;whYk; mJ ePz;l fhyk;  ePbf;ftpy;iy vd;Nw nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. jpz;izg; gs;spfspYk; ghlrhiyfspYk;  fy;tp fw;ftUk; Mz;fspd; njhif mjpfkhf ,Ue;jNghJk; gs;spfspy; gapytUk; ngz;fspd; tUif xd;W ,uz;L vd;W mjpfhpf;fj; njhlq;fp ghpzhk tsh;rpaile;Js;sikia  mwpaKbfpd;wnjdyhk;. gdpg;Nghuhf nkJthfj; njhlq;fpa ,g;Gul;rpapy; ntw;wpngw;w ngz;fspd; rhjidfspdhy; nghajathfg; ngz;fspy; fy;tp fw;Fk; njhifapy; fzprkhd khw;wk; epfo;e;jJ. ,jd;gpd;jhd; ngz;fs; gbj;JKbj;J vijr; rhjpf;f KbAk; vd;w %lek;gpf;if jfh;j;njwpag;gl;lJ..

                     ekJ r%fj;jpy;  Rje;jpuj;Jf;Fg; gpd;Gk; ngz;fSf;Fg; ghJfhg;gpd;ik cs;snjd;w xUfhuzj;ij itj;Jf;nfhz;L jq;fspd; gps;isfisg; ghlrhiyfSf;Nfh gy;fiyf; fofq;fSf;Nfh mDg;Gtjw;Fj; jaq;fpa ngw;Nwhh; kw;iwa ngz;fSk; gbf;fr; nry;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjdhy; jq;fspd;  fUj;jf;fis khw;wp jk; gps;isfis vjph;fhyj;jpy;  fy;tp gapy mDkjpj;j gyfijfisg; ek;kpy; gyUk; mwpthh;fs;. ghpzhkkile;J te;j ngz;fspd; ghlrhiyf;fy;tp Kiwik cah;tpfy;tpiag; gapw;Wtpg;gjpy; ke;jepiyia mile;J te;Js;sik Ntjidf;Fhpa tplankd;nw $wNtz;bAs;sJ.

                Vndd;why; ghy;aj;jpUkzKiw FLk;gj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w nghUshjhu rpf;fy;fs; ngz;fs; jdpahfr; nrd;Wtu Kbahnjd;w ek;gpf;ifaPdk; ,JNghd;w xU rpy fhuzq;fs; ngz;fspd; Nkw;gbg;gpw;Fk; jilahf ,Ue;jd.. ,g;Ngw;gl;l rhgf;Nflhd epfo;Tfshy; ngz;fspy; fy;tp tshr;;rpapy; fzprkhd msT ghjpg;ig epfo;j;jpanjd;why; kpifapy;iy. Mz;fs; ciog;ghspfs; vd;gJTk; ngz;fs; tPl;bypUe;J FLk;gj;ijg; guhkhpg;gth;fs; vd;Wk;  md;iwa jkpo; r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;j Kiwikia khw;wpikf;fg; gyUk; jaq;fpdh;. FLk;gj;jpy; epfo;fpd;w nghUshjhur; rpf;fy;fisr; rkhspf;fg; ngz;fs; gq;fspg;ghh;fs; my;yJ mts; fy;tpfw;W vijANk rhjpf;f khl;lhs; vd;w FWfpa Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ngz;fs; tPl;Lf;Fs;NsNa Rw;wptuNtz;ba epiyik ,Ue;J te;jJ.

                            mts; Muk;gf;fy;tpiaf; fw;Wj;Njwp te;jTld; G+g;gile;J taJf;F te;Jtpl;lHy;- mtspd; gbg;gpidg; ghjpapy; epWj;jp jpUkzj;Jf;Fj; jahuhfptpl;lhs; vd;W tpohntLj;J CUf;Nf giwrhw;wpa md;iwa r%fk; ,e;jr; rlq;FfSf;Fk;%l ek;gpf;iffSf;Fk; fhl;Lk; mf;fiwia ngz;fspd; fy;tpapy;fhl;lhjJ  Ntjidahf ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis ngz;fspd; fy;tp- Rje;jpuk; tPo;r;rpailfpd;w njd;gijAk; czuKbfpwJ.

             ,e;j KiwikahdJ 1900 Mz;lsTfspy; nky;ynky;y khwj;njhlq;fpaJ. Mq;fpNyahpd; tUifAk; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Vw;wKk; gpw murnjhopyhsh;fspd; ngz;gps;isfspd; fy;tp tsh;r;pAk; ghujp ghujpjhrd; Nghd;w ftpQh;fspd; ngz;tpLjiyg; ghly;fSk; <oj;jkpo; ngz;fspd;  r%fj;jpy; NkYk; tpopg;Gzh;itAk; Gj;Jzh;itAk;  Vw;gLj;jpajd; tpisthfg; ngz;fspd; fy;tpapy; fzprkhd mstpy; khw;wq;fs;  Njhd;wpd.

$ypj;njhopyhsh;fshf  Ntiyf; fkh;j;jg;gLk; ngz;fs;  Mz;fSf;F epfuhf tay;fspYk; Njhl;lq;fspYk; fl;bl eph;khzpg;Gg; gzpfspYk;  flikghh;j;J Cjpak; ngWk; mNjNtis fy;tpapYk; rhjid gilf;fyhk; vd;w ijhpaKk; jd;dk;gpf;ifAk; Jsph;f;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,jd;fhuzkhf jk;ikg;Nghy; jk; ngz;gps;isfSk; $ypkhLfshf coyf;$lhnjd;W gyjha;khh;fs; jk;ngz; gps;isfspd;  fy;tpapy; kpFe;j ftdKk; mf;fiwAk; nfhs;sj; njhlq;fyhapdh;. nghUshjhuj;jpy; trjpahdth;fSk; nry;te;jh;fspd; ngz;gps;isfs; kl;LNk Nkw;gbg;igj; njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy; trjpFiwe;j gps;isfSk; fy;tpiag; gapYtjw;F Kd;te;j Ntisapy; nghUshjhuk; ngUk; jilahf Kd;dpd;wJ. ,t;Ntisapy;jhd; ,yq;ifapy; Njhd;wp kjg;gpur;rhuk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j fj;Njhypf;f jpUr;rig mth;fis ,Ufuk; ePl;b mioj;jJ. VioAk; trjpFiwe;j khzth;fSk; cah;fy;tpiag; gapd;W tUtjw;F jpUr;rig tha;g;Gf;fisr; nra;J    MjuT nfhLj;Jld; mth;fis fj;Njhypf;fh;fshfTk; khw;wpanjdyhk;. fy;tpapy; ehl;lKs;s ,e;Jrka khztpfs; fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;ij xUghlkhfg; gapyj;njhlq;fpij rpy ngw;Nwhh;fs; mDkjpj;jdh;. md;iwa R+o;epiyf;Nfw;g xUrpy ngz;gps;isfs; kjk; khwpAk; fy;tpiaj; njhlu rpy ngw;Nwhh; mDkjpj;J Mjutspj;j Ntisapy; gy FLk;gq;fs; ,jid vjph;j;J jq;fspd; ngz; gps;isfis tPl;Lf;Fs;NsNa cyttpl;lhh;fs;.. ,jdhy; gy ngz; gps;isfspd; vjph;fhy ,yr;rpaq;fSk; vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fSk; fdTfshff; fiue;J fiye;J Nghapd.

           me;j Jh;fhyk; khwpte;J Viofl;Fk; fy;tpnaDk; ntspr;rk; fpilf;fhjh vd;W Vq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJjhd; 1945y; Kd;dhs; fy;tp mikr;ruhd cah; jpU  C W W fd;dq;fuh mth;fspdhy; ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; nghpanjhU iky;fy; vd;W nrhy;YksTf;F cahpaNjhh; khw;wk; epfo;e;jnjdyhk;. jpUthsh; fd;dq;fuh mth;fspdhy;jhd; ,yq;ifapy; Kjd;Kjyhf midtUf;Fk; ,ytrf;fy;tp vDk; Gjpa jpl;lk;  mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L mKyhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j ,ytrf; fy;tpj;jpl;lkhdJ  ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; xU jpUg;GKid vd;W $Wtjpy; ve;jtpj jaf;fKk; fhl;lNtz;bajpy;iy.

                          fy;tp fw;gw;F ve;jtpj jilAk; ,y;iy vd ngz; gps;isfis ngw;Nwhh; ghlrhiyf;F mDg;gpitj;jjpy; ek; r%fj;jpy; ryryg;Gj; Njhd;whkypy;iy. ,Ue;Jk; mJ rhjfkhd gyidj; je;jjhy; r%fj;jpd; vjph;g;Gr;rf;jpfs; thailj;Jg;Nghapd. fhyfhykhf fPo;kl;lj;jpypUe;j ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapd; tpfpjk; gbg;gbahf cah;e;Jte;jij ,ytrf; fy;tpj; jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpa 1945-46 fhyg;gFjpg; Gs;sp tpguq;fs; giwrhw;wp epw;fpd;wd. ngz;fs; rpWgjtpfs; tfpg;gjw;Nf mbg;gilf; fy;tpawpT kl;Lk; NghjhJ nkd;NkYk; gbf;fNtz;ba mtrpaj;ijg; gbg;gbahf ed;F czh;e;j jkpo; rKjhak; cah;gjtpapid ngz;fs; myq;fhpf;fNtz;ba MtypYk; mf;fiwapYk; cah;fy;tpapy; Mh;tk; fhl;lj;njhlq;fpaJ. ,jd;gadhf ngz;fs; fy;tpfw;Fk; tpfpjk; cah;e;J nfhz;Lte;jJ.        

jhjpfshfTk; MrphpiafshfTk; r%fj;Jf;Fr; Nritahw;wp te;j jkpo;g; ngz;fs; cah;fy;tpapd;  %yk; mur gzpkidfspYk; gzpahw;w gzpf;fg;gl;lJ  ngz;fspd; cah;fy;tpapy; fhl;ba mf;fiwapd; ntw;wp vd;Nw ep&gzkhdJ.

          1948y; ,yq;if Rje;jpuk; mile;jgpd; Vio gzf;fhuh; vd;w ve;jtpjkhd NgjKkpd;wp midtUf;Fk; ,ytrf;fy;tp ngWk;tha;g;Gf; fpl;baJ. ,jdhy; ngz;fspy; fy;tp fw;Nghh;njhif mjpfhpf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,ytr;fy;tp fw;gjw;F khzth;fs; Gw;wPryha;g; Gwg;gl;lNghJ ngz;fspy; fzprkhdth;fspd; tuT MNuhf;fpakhdjhfNt ,Ue;jJ vd;gijtpl jdpahh; ghlrhiyfspYk;  kjrhh;ghd fy;tpf; $lq;fspYk; ngz; khzth;fspd; tuTk; mjpfhpf;fhpf;fj;  njhlq;fpaijAk; ,q;Nf tpNrlkha;f; Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; fy;tpapy; ,lk;ngw;w Nghl;bAk; Mrpah;fspd; fw;ifj; jpwDnkd;Nw nrhy;yNtz;baJ mtrpakhfpwJ. ,t;thwhd MNuhf;fpakhd Nghl;b epyTfpd;w Ntisfspy;jhd; mjhtJ 1980k; Mz;L ,yq;if muR ,ytrg; ghlg;Gj;jfq;fis  murghlrhiy khzth;fl;F toq;Fk; jpl;lj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;jp ntw;wpAk; fz;lJ. ,ytrg; ghlg;Gj;jf tpepNahfj;ijj; njhlh;e;J khzth;fspd; tUif ngUfj; njhlq;fp 1989y; kjpa czTk; khzth;f;F toq;Fk; gjpa jpl;lk; mKyhf;fg;gl;ljpy; NkYk; mjpf khzthpd; tUif mjpfhpj;jJ vd;gJ Gs;sptpguq;fspd; rhd;whFk;. mijj; njhlh;e;J ,d;DnkhU khw;wk; ,yq;iff; fy;tp tuyhw;wpy; 1993y; epfo;e;jij ahUk; kwf;f KbahJ. mjhtJ ghlrhiy khzth;f;F muR ,ytr rPUil toq;fp NkYk; Cf;fj;ij toq;fpaJ. ,t;thW jdpahh; fy;tpepWtdq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNaahd MNuhf;fpakhd fy;tpg; Nghl;bapy; khzth;fSf;Fj; jj;jk; gq;fgspg;igr; nra;jjpd; epkpj;jk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rp tpfpjKk; gy;fpg; ngUfpte;jnjd;gJ nts;spil kiy.

           Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapy; rh;tfyhrhiyfSk; gy;fiyf; fofq;fSk; gbg;gbahf epWtg;gl;lNghJ ngz;fspd; tuT tpfpjKk; mjpfhpf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ.  ,Ue;Jk; Mz;fspd; njhifAld; xg;gPl;lstpy; %d;wpy; xUgq;fpdNu ngz;fs; gl;lg; gbg;gpYk; nghwpapay; njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; itj;jpaj; Jiwfspy; Mh;tk; fhl;bdh;. Nkw;gbg;Gr; nryT xUGwkpUe;jhYk; cah;fy;tpj; juj;NjhL ey;y Cjpak; ngWk; njhopiyj; Njbf;nfs;tjpYk;  mf;fiw nrYj;jpath;fspd; njhif mjpfhpf;fj; njhlq;fpapUe;jhYk;  Jhu ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W gl;lg;gbg;ig Nkw;nfhs;shjjpYk;  5-6 Mz;Lfs; njhlUk; tpNrl gl;lg;gbg;gpy; my;yJ njhopy; El;gf;fy;tpia Nkw;nfhs;shj fhuzj;jpdhYk; ngz;fspd; cah;fy;tp tpfpjj;jpy; ke;jepiy fhzg;gl;l njd;gJ ftzpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;. ,Ue;Jk; jpUkzkhd gpd;Gk; NtW njopy;fspy; gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;Lk; gl;lg;gbigAk; cah; fy;tpiaAk; njhlh;e;J ntw;wp ngw;w ngz;fis ,q;F Fwpg;gpl;Lg; ghuhl;l Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.

                                            ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; jkpo; -rpq;fs ngz;fs; vd;W ghhh;f;Fkplj;J ngUk;ghd;ikr; rpq;fsg; ngz;fistpl jkpo;g; ngz;fNs fy;tpapYk; cah; fy;tpapYk; mjpf ehl;lKs;sth;fshfTk; jpwikAs;sth;fshfTk; tpsq;fpdh; vd;W Ma;Tfs; $Wfpd;wd.gpd;dhspy;

S W R D gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; jdpr;rpq;fsr; rl;lk; eilKiwf;F te;jjpd; gpd; jkpo; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; ngUk; khWjy; Vw;gl;lijahtUkwpth;. jdpr;rpq;fsr; rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; jkpo;ngz;fspd; fy;tptsh;rpapy; rw;Wj;jsh;T fhzg;gl;L te;jNtisapy;jhd; jkpo;r; rpq;fsf; fytuk;  Njhd;wpj; jkpoh;fspd; tho;tpaiyNa khw;wpanjdyhk;. ,jd; gpujpgypghy; jkpk; khzth;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; ghhpa tPo;r;rp Vw;gl;llJ Ntjidf;Fhpa tplaNk. ,jdbg;gilapy; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapd; tpfpjKk; kpff; fzprkhd msT tPo;r;rpaile;jJ ngz;fspd; fy;tpf;F tpOe;j NghplNa.

                                     ,f;fytuj;jhy; nkhop- kj-,d NtWghLfspd;wp tho;e;J te;j kf;fspilNa fho;g;Gzh;Tk; gPjpAk; Fbnfhs;sj; njhlq;fpajd; tpisthf ngz;fspd; Nkw;gbg;ig my;yJ cah;fy;tpiaj; njhluj;jaq;fpdh; my;yJ mr;rg;gl;ldh; vd;gJ fz;$L. ,jd; gpd; 1983k; tUl ,df;fytuj;jpd; gpd; NkYk; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd jkpoh; fy;tpahdJ ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapYk;  njhopy;El;g gy;fiyg;gbg;GfspYk; kpfg;ghhpa msT tPo;r;rp fz;Ls;sik  fzf;nfLg;Gfspd; %yk; mwpaf;fplf;fpwJ. Nkw;gbg;igj; jtpu ntspkhepyq;fspy; gzp epkpj;jkhf trpj;Jte;j jkpo; ngz;fSf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l nfhLikfSk;  fl;ltpo;j;Jtpl;l td;KiwfSk; NkYk; jkpo; ngz;fs; Nkw;gbg;Gj; njhlUk; tpUg;ig KisapNyNa fps;spnawpa Ntz;ba mtyepiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;ldh;. 83f; ,df; fytuj;jpd; gpd; ,dj;JNtrKk; gphptpidthjKk; Jhtg;gl;L mur ,ae;jpuNk ghjpf;fg; gl;Lf; fple;jjhy;  jkpoh;fspd;  xl;Lnkhj;j tho;T gOJ gl;Lg;NghdJ. ,jd; vjpnuhypahf caphpog;G nrhj;jpog;G ,lk;ngah;T … vd;W njhlh;e;j jkpoh;fspd; tho;tpaypy; fy;tp kpfTk; gpd;dilTf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lJ. ,g;ghjpg;Gk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rp tpfpjj;jpy; $basT rhpit Vw;gLj;jpaJ vd;W nrhy;ypj; njhpa Ntz;bajpy;iy.

             jkpoh;fspy; jpzpf;fg;gl;l td;KiwfSk;  fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;l gaq;fu thjKk; jkpo;r; r%fj;ijNa rPuspj;jJ. ,jd; ,Wjpf; fl;lkhfNt Aj;jk; ntbf;fj; njhlq;gfpa rhpj;jpuj;ij cyNf mwpAk;. ,J njhlh;fijahFk; vd;W vtUk; epidf;fhj epiy cUthfptpl;l eph;g;ge;jj;jhy; jkpoh;fs; Gyk; ngau Ntz;ba mtruKk; mtrpaKk; Vw;gl;lJ. jkpoh;fspd; ,lk;ngah;tpdhYk; Gyk;ngah;tpdhYk;  tho;tpaypYk; fy;tptsh;r;rpapYk; NghjpasT rhpT fz;bUe;jhYk; ,yq;ifaurpd; jug;gLj;jy; Kiwr;rl;lj;jpdhy; jkpoh;fspd; fy;tp kpfTk; ghjpg;ig vjph;Nehf;fpaJ vd;gij ,q;Nf Fwpg;gpLjy; kpfTk; nghUj;jNk. ,jd;jhf;fKk; ngz;fspd; fy;tptsh;rpapy; tPo;r;rpiaNa NkYk; Njhw;Wtpj;jnjdyhk;.

            1984-85fspy; Gyk;ngah; jkpoh;fspd; tUif mjpfhpj;jpUe;j NghJk; Nkiyj; Njaq;fspNy mth;fspd; tho;tpay; R+d;akhfNt Njhd;wpaJ. ,uz;Lk; nfl;lhd;fshf tho;e;j Gyk;ngah; jkpoh; njhopy;fisj; NjlNtz;ba eph;g;ge;jj;Jf; Fs;shdhh;fs;. jhafj;jpy; njhopypy; ,Ue;jth;fSf;F mNj njhopiy  ,q;F ngwKbahj R+o;epiyfSk; njhopy; Kiwikfspy; khw;wq;fSk; nghpJk; Vkhw;wj;ijAk; ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ Nghy me;ee;ehl;L nkhopAk; tho;f;if KiwAk; ngUk; rq;flj;ijAk; ftiyiaAk; Njhw;Wtpj;jijg;  gyUkwpNthk;. vd;whYk; jhd;fw;w fy;tpf;Fk; nra;J te;j njhopYf;Fk; rk;ge;jNkapy;yhj gzpfspy; <LglTk; NtjdJf;fhf Ntz;b $yp Ntiyfs; nra;aNtz;ba eph;g;ge;jj;Jf;FKs;shapdh;. ,J Gyk;ngah;e;j xl;Lnkhj;jj; jkpoUf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;:

                          tho;fpd;w ehLfspy; NgRfpd;w nkhopiaf;fw;Wk; njhopy;fisr; nra;Jk; gofpa jkpoh;fSf;Fg; nghUshjhur; rpf;fy; ngUk; rthyhfNt ,Ue;J te;jJ. .mjdhy; ngz;fSk; njhopy; ghh;f;f Ntz;ba mtrpa Njit Vw;gl;lJ. ,jd; vjpnuhyp gpw nkhopfisAk; njhopw; fy;tpiaAk; gapyNtz;ba eph;ge;jKk; epahaKk;   njd;gl;lJ. Gyk;ngah; tho;it ,yFthf;f ngz;fSf;F Nkyjpf fy;tp tsk; kpfTk; fl;lhakhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. jhq;fs; thOk; r%fj;jpy;  Ra nfsutj;JlDk; khpahijAlDk; thoNtz;b mth;fspd; tplhKaw;rpahy; nkhopiaAk; njhopy;f; fy;tpiaAk; fw;Wj;Njwpg; gzpf;Fr; nrd;wJld; nghUshjuj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jpdh;. ,e;j tifapy; mth;fspd; tho;thdJ Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yg;gl;lijg; gyUk; mwpNthk;. ,jd; jiyKiw tsh;r;rpahf ,d;W Gyk;ngah; Njrq;fspy; thOk; jkpoh;fs; jkJ rpwhh;fis ghy; Ngjkpd;wp me;ee; ehl;L nkhopfspy; fy;tpiag; Gfl;LtNjhL jhKk; fw;W tUfpd;wdh;.

               ,t;tifapy; ngz;fspd; gq;F kpfTk; ghuhl;lj;jf;fJk; ngUikf;FhpaJkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tpilaj;jpy; Mz;fisf;Fiw $Wtjhff; fUj;jpy; nfhs;syhfhJ. mth;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gk; G+uz gq;Fk; cs;snjd;gij ahUk; kiwf;fNth kWf;fNth KbahJ. ,t;tifapy; Nehf;Fk; NghJ ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapd; tpfpjk; kpfTk; rpwg;ghf cah;e;Js;s njd;gij mWjpapl;L cWjpahff; $wyhk;. mj;Jld; gpwnkhopf; fy;tpNahL jkpo; nkhop eldk; rq;fPjk; Nghd;w Ez; fiyfisAk; gps;isfSf;Ff; fw;gpg;gJld; jhKk;  fw;Wk; fw;gpj;Jk; tUfpd;wdh;. jhafj;jpy; jk;khy; jhk; fw;wtw;iw kw;wth;f;Ff; fw;gpg;gpf;fNth NkYk; jhk; fw;Wf; nfhs;sNth tha;g;gpd;wp Vq;fpapUe;jth;fs; mf;fy;tpiaNah njhopy; El;gq;fisNah kq;fptplhkYk; kOq;f tplhkYk; Gj;japh; nfhLj;J tUtjw;F  Gyk;ngah; tho;f;ifr; R+oy;  ngUk; cWJiz nra;jd vd;gij ahUk; kWjypf;f KbahJ. cjhuzj;Jf;F ijaw;fiy iftpid myq;fhuk;   rikaw;fiy Xtpak; ehl;bak; ,irg;ghl;Lg; Nghd;w Ez;fiyfs; NkYk; Gjpa tbtj;JlDk; Gjpa njhopy; El;g cgfuzq;fSlDk; ntspg; gLj;jpAk; tphpTgLj;jpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,itnay;yhtw;iwAk; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lk; xU iky;fy; vd;Nw $wNtz;bAs;sJ.

         Gyk;nghah; jkpoh;fs; ghy; NtWghbd;wp jk; gps;isfis fy;tpfw;f mDg;gpaNjhly;yhJ jhKk; jhk; thOk; nkhopfis Muk;gfhyq;fspy; fw;fyhapdh; ,tw;wpw;F mt;tt; ehl;L nkhopiag; NgRtjw;F mtrpakhf ,Ue;jhYk; gpd;dhspy; jk; mwpit tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;sTk; njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; <LglTk; cWJizahdnjdyhk;. jkf;Fj; jhafj;jpy; fpilf;fhj tha;g;GfSk; trjpfSk; jk; gps;isfSf;Ff; fpilj;jij gad;gLj;jpa ngw;Nwhh; jk;ngz; gps;isfis  nkd;NkYk; gbg;gjw;F Cf;fk; nfhLj;JtUtijf; fhZk;NghJk;: jhk;fw;wtw;iw kw;wth;fSk; gad;gLk; tifapYk; Ehy;tbtpy; jUfpd;w ngz; gilg;ghspfis Nehf;Fk; NghJk;: Gyk;ngah; jkpo;ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rp  nkd;NkYk; Gj;Japh; ngw;Ws;snjd;Nw nrhy;yNtz;bAs;sJ.

         Muk;gj;jpy; jkpo;fy;tpapy; nghpJk; Mh;tkpd;wpapUe;j ngw;NwhUk; gps;isfSk; 90 f;Fg;gpd; kpfTk; ftdkhfTk; mf;fiwAlDk; nraw;gl;lhh;fs; vdyhk;.  ,Ue;Jk; khzth;fs;. jkpo;nkhopiaf; fw;W tUtjw;F Gyk;ngah; fy;tp epiyaq;fSk; gy gads;s rQ;rpiffSk; xUrpy thndhypfSk; ngUk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jd vd;gjid ahUk; kiwf;fNth kWf;fNth KbahJ. 87fspypUe;J Nghuhb  2000f;Fg;gpd; jha;nkhopf; fy;tpapy; fzprkhd Kd;Ndw;wKk; ntw;wpAk; fz;Ls;s jkpo; ghlrhiyfisAk; Mrphpah;fiAk; ngw;Nwhh;fisAk; ,t;tplj;jpy; ghuhl;bNa MfNtz;Lk;. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; jkpo; ngz;fspd; fy;tptsh;r;rpAk; kpfTk; cr;r epiyia mile;jpUf;fpd;wnjd;Nw  nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. fle;j 15-20 Mz;Lfshfg; Gyk;ngah; Njrq;fspy; tho;e;JtUfpd;w FLk;gq;fspd; thhpRfs; cs;ehl;Lg; gps;isfSf;F ,izahfTk; mth;fistpl Nkyhd njhopy;fspYk; fy;tpfw;W cah;njhopy; El;gq;fspYk; rpwe;J tpsq;FtJk; fy;tpapy; Vw;gLj;jpa Vw;wkhd khw;wNk. ,e;jtifapy;  cd;dpj;J Nehf;Ffpd;w Ntisapy; Mz; gps;isfis tpl ngz; gps;isfNs mjpfkhdth;fshf  ,lk;gpbj;J tUtJk; jkpo;ngz;fspd; fy;tpapy; tsh;r;rpjhNd. kUj;jth;fshf nghwpapayh;fshf NkYk; njhopy;El;g tpw;gd;dh;fshff; fw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;gJk; flik GhptJk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; kWkyh;r;rpNa. Gyk;ngah; <oj;jkpog; ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rp jhafj;ijtpl Nkiyj; Njaq;fspNy kpfr;rpwg;ghf cr;rj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;w kpfr; re;Njhrkhd jUzj;jpy;  NkYk; Cf;fKk; Mf;fG+h;tkhd gzpfisAk; Ghptjw;F ehk; midtUk; ghLgLNthkhf.